PEMBROKE, Mass. — You open a letter from the IRS: You are being audited. A shock goes through your body. Your hands begin to shake. The timing couldn’t be worse. You’ve got a half-dozen projects going on. “Why me?” you ask. Then your mind pictures what it would be like to languish in jail.
Don’t panic. An audit doesn’t necessarily mean there is suspicion that you aren’t being forthright. Furthermore, an audit doesn’t mean that you will have to pay a large bill. About 25% of audits result in dismissal. Satisfy the auditor and you probably won’t be bothered for many years.
Having said that, there could be cause for alarm. If you are deliberately inflating expenses or understating revenue figures, the auditor will seek to discover these untruths. Reducing revenue is considered fraud and could result in criminal prosecution. Overstating expenses is bad, but one could argue that the books were messed up, the bookkeeper was incompetent, that the computer system malfunctioned, or that you just didn’t understand what was required.
The simplest audit is a correspondence audit. You are asked to clarify one or two issues. Responding with a letter that includes proof backing your position will end the inquiry. Office audits require meeting with an IRS auditor.
Most office audits specify areas of concern. Speak frankly to your accountant or CPA. Together, evaluate the magnitude of the audit. If it is over a few areas, and your books are in order, you might want to handle the matter yourself. If you prefer, your accountant can represent you. Of course, the accountant will want to be paid; his or her fee might run $3,000 to $5,000, between preparation time and representation. Any lawyer, accountant or enrolled agent can represent you, providing he/she did the taxes of that year’s return.
“I prefer to do all the talking,” says H&R Block’s Stuart Campbell, a longtime audit representative, “although I involve the client a bit to establish credibility.”
Organize your records. Make sure you can back up every figure on your tax return. That means making copies, updating logs, and putting everything in sequential order. If there is no backup, prepare a written explanation of the deduction. If the books aren’t in order, get them in order. This task involves a lot of work, but it will make you knowledgeable about your situation.
Do not go into the meeting acting like an angry bull or a fawning sycophant. Remember, you’re dealing with a human being. Be professional and business-like. Let the facts and figures do the talking. You’ll go over item by item. The auditor might say that an expense is disallowed. Do not argue. Go on with the proceedings.
Let’s consider a few examples. If you have no backup, come up with an explanation of why there is no documentation. For example, you remodel your wash-dry-fold area, but do not have the receipt because the contractor disappeared after he was paid. The auditor might go along since it is a reasonable expenditure.
If your cost of supplies is significantly above the regional average, say 35% of revenue instead of 25%, prepare an analysis that explains the discrepancy. Water in this community is high, my machines are old, I recently switched to gas so there are installation costs, I leave my lights on 24/7 to advertise, that sort of thing.
If you purchased an at-home computer for $1,400 that you say is for business use only but the auditor argues that computer use can’t be limited to business only and will only give you a $700 Section 179 deduction (50% of cost), don’t argue. Let the $700 go. He’s being a stickler. Don’t fight the small potatoes.
Don’t try to outsmart the auditor. Come clean with all major discrepancies up front, especially revenue figures. Most likely, the auditor has the proof in front of him in the form of bank statements. Also, don’t ignore IRS letters. One operator who let the letters go resulted in the IRS assessing him $135,000 based on what they figured for his obligation. Divorce, bankruptcy and home foreclosure followed.
At the end of the session, the auditor will add up the adjustments and disallowances and come up with an assessment. Any penalties and interest will be tacked on. It is possible to counteroffer, which is called an offer in compromise. The auditor will be more inclined to go along if you are close to insolvent. But you never know when he or she will be willing to bend.
You may challenge the assessment, dealing with an appeals officer, and then you may go to tax court. If there are legal points at stake, you might hire a tax attorney. On the other hand, it might be less stressful to swallow hard, pay the bill, and make sure you keep detailed books in the future.
